historiographical, and, as seen, is contradicted by many biblical indications, we can safely dismiss it—as most Protestants do. It is certainly not clear (either from the Bible alone or from logic) that Paul’s oral teaching (e.g., 1 Cor. 11:2, 23; 15:1–3; Gal. 1:9, 12; 1 Thess. 2:13; 2 Thess. 3:6; 2 Tim. 1:13–14; 2:2) must be the same as his written teaching, or that it couldn’t contain information not found in his letters. We can reasonably deduce
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